Ethical and Philosophical Questions about Value and...

Ethical and Philosophical Questions about Value and Obligation I Recall the distinction between metaethics and normative ethics. Normative ethics deals with substantial ethical issues, such as, What is intrinsically good? What are our moral obligations? Metaethics deals with philosophical issues about ethics: What is value or moral obligation? Are there ethical facts? What sort of objectivity is possible in ethics? How can we have ethical knowledge? Recall, also, the fundamental dilemma of metaethics. Either there are ethical facts or there aren?t. If they are, what sort of facts are they? In what do they consist? If there are not, why do we think, talk, and feel as though there are? II Philosophical†¦show more content†¦For Kant, morality is a construction of practical reason. But that doesn?t make it arbitrary, since Kant argues that its construction (?legislation?) is essential to the practical reasoning of any free rational agent. Mill?s value theory is a version of the ideal judgment theory. So is Kant?s, but note the differences. Mill?s theory is empiricist, Kant?s rationalist. Kant grounds morality in structures that, he argues, are necessary to free, rational practical judgment. But how do Kant?s metaethics relate to his normative ethics. Pursuing the comparison with Mill, how is Kant?s anti-consequentialist (deontological) claim that it is wrong to treat persons in certain ways even if that maximizes happiness grounded in his metaethics, in particular, in his metaphysics of ethics? V With Nietzsche, we get a critique of any theory of morality, Millian or Kantian, on broadly empiricist and naturalist grounds. As against Kant, Nietzsche argues both that there is no free will of the kind Kant says we must presuppose, and that what underlies the Categorical Imperative is no construction of free practical reason, but ressentiment and cruelty. And against, Mill?s claims that morality has an adequate empirical basis in natural conscience (the salience of the ?moral point of view?), sympathy, and the desire to be in unity with others, Nietzsche argues that its genesis depends on particular historical circumstances and continuedShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics Of The Society Of Professional Journalists1054 Words   |  5 Pagesaccountable. Each of them considers a list of normative guidelines to orient the ethical decision-making process within a newsroom. In any case, the SPS’ orientations are framed by a utilitarian approach to ethics: Due to the voluntar y character of the code, the Code attempts to advising more than requiring and, in that sense, the recommended procedures and activities in which journalists should engage to accomplish an ethical work are oriented to journalists as individuals instead of a collective. 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Music Piracy Television and Entertainment Media

Question: Discuss about theMusic Piracyfor Television and Entertainment Media. Answer: Introduction The changes in the technologies have increased many of the illegal actions in current world. Music Piracy is one of those illegal actions that affect the television and entertainment media. Downloading the music from the unauthorised versions of copyrighted music is also considered as the act of music piracy. The copyright law is applied to protect the creativity presented by the artists. According to Koh, Murthi and Raghunathan (2014), music piracy is one kind of intellectual property theft that is a serious crime in the entertainment media. The study will explore the ideas of the pros and cons of music piracy in the regular life. The study will put forward the idea of music and poverty in Mexico to understand the reason of selling the pirated CD and DVDs. In fact, it is essential to understand the effects of piracy in the music industry. The study will also discuss the consumption of the digital music on the internet. The discussion of the associated piracy law in the music industry will be helpful in understanding the method of eliminating such media piracy to protect the creativity of the artists. The study will analyse whether the piracy is affecting the music industry. The study will even discuss the necessary implication to eliminate such destruction of the intellectual property. The establishment of this thesis is the major focus of the study. Discussion The article, Music and Poverty in Mexico by Mariana Ramirez discloses that the pirated CDs are sold in the Mexican market to feed the poor families. These CDs are wrapped with the colourful covers. It is notable that the piracy is symbolised as the glooming ghost in the music industry that is associated with the destruction of the intellectual property of the digital industry. The article describes the idea of the file sharing capacity through the internet sources. Napster is introduced to ensure a copyright of protecting the intellectual property of the creative artists. Even when the purchasers are sharing the files from the unauthorised sites or downloading the illegal music files, these are considered as the piracy of the creativity of an artist (Ramirez 2011). The article points out another major issue where it is seen that a teenage boy from Minnesota are sharing the illegal files to the Mexican mass market. Such issues are focusing more on the political aspects than the econom ical factors. The current world is shaping up the transformed digital industry even though only 23.9% of the population is using internet. Hence, it has been seen the major issue with the music piracy in Mexico is mostly concerned with the sequential matrix of politics and economics. Another significant point noticed in this article is the use of the internet that is increasing the usage of the pirated music. The digital sales are continuously increasing due to the internet access and selling the pirated music through online sources. Hence, it can be concluded that the laws related to the music piracy is needed to be more defined to eliminate such illegal action. However, in case of Mexican market, the scenario is much crucial. It is noticed that the viral marketing and digital piracy is the means of brighter future of the Mexican talents. Connecting with the audience is the major demands to establish the future and the digital piracy is the helpful source for increasing the economi c value in Mexico. On the contrary, the digital piracy is considered as the curse in the article Piracy is stealing and affecting Music Industry by Beverly Stores. The article signifies that the File Tram, mp3raid, and 4shared are the famous websites for sharing music with the people who need it. It is pointed out that the music piracy is the crime that deals with the usage of the idea or invention of a person without their permission. It is to be stated that many of the people perceive that the music piracy does not create the huge loss for the artists. However, the statistic report has proved the music piracy has the significant influence on both the artists and the overall music industry. The statistical report shows that there is the annual harm of $12.5 billion whereas almost 70,000 people lost their jobs (Storrs 2012). Another point is mentioned in the article related to the music piracy. It is notified that the laws applied against the music piracy are not enforcing any site to share the music f iles. Therefore, there are the clear differences shown in the stealing and copying. The concept of spotify is also introduced in this article. It is stated that spotify is the radical platform that offers legal and free access to the music library. This programme is used for the minimal advertisement process. It is one of the helpful sources of listening to the preferable music without any charge. Hence, the article provides the idea about the process of mitigating the issues with the music piracy. Despite of the perception that music piracy does not harm any artist or Music Company, it is ensued that it has created the loss of jobs for many people and affected the wider music industry. Therefore, the platform like spotify will be safer to use the music as per the preference of the listeners. This platform does not cost any money and it is a legal source to protect the artistic value. Another article, Digital Music Consumption on the Internet: Evidence from Click Stream Data by Luis Aguiar and Bertin Martens develops the idea of the behaviour of the digital consumers on the internet. The article uses the special reference of the click stream data to analyse the behaviour of 16,000 European consumers (Aguiar and Martens 2013). The result determines that the internet users do not consider the illegal download of the music as the substitute of the digital music. The article concentrates on the displacements of the sales in the digital era. The association of the theoretical background of effects of music piracy is also disclosed in this article. However, the article highlights the changes found in the music industry due to such music piracy. The article, Copyright and Creation: A Case for Promoting Inclusive Online Sharing by Bart Cammaerts, Robin Mansell, and Bingchun Meng are pointing out the three major consequences in the music industry. Firstly, it has been observed that the creative industry is associated with the innovations and always prepared to adapt the changes found in the digital culture. There is even no evidence of the revenue reduction for the individual copyright infringement. Second, the article describes the experiences of the other countries regarding the implemented measures of the individual copyright infringements. It is indicated that these approaches do not create the significant impact as perceived and claimed by the creative industry. Third, the article points out the UK Digital Economy Act 2015 that deals with the social, political and cultural analysis of the punitive copyright measurements (Cammaerts, Mansell and Meng 2013). It reflects the overall experiences of the creative industry relate d to these areas. The focus on these key points, it can be recommended that the presentation of the DEA copyright enforcement would be beneficial for the creative industry. The application of such initiatives would create the positive impact on the punitive copyright infringement of the enforced and target audience. The article, The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy to the US Economy by Stephen E. Siwek indicates that due to the music piracy, the US economy suffers in a significant way. It is highlighted that the recording industries in US lost billions of dollars that affected the profit revenue of the economy of the country (Siwek 2007). The article also provides the analysis of the greater impact of the music piracy in the overall economy of the US. Moreover, it also signifies that the digital piracy in the music industry has been affecting the job security of many of the employees who are associated with such deals. The article involves the analysis of the statistical data that provides the clear idea about the negative impact of music piracy. Conclusion The discussion of the article readings confirms the negative impacts of the music piracy in the creative industry. Apparently, it is presumed that the music piracy does not affect the artistic values, but the evidences signify that it creates the huge loss to the music industry in a significant way. Many of the people lost their jobs due to such music piracy, moreover, it has created the significant impact on reducing the profit revenue in the US economy. However, it is also highlighted that the Mexican market is developing the future of the Mexican artists. Moreover, the piracy process is helping to feed the poverty struck people in Mexico. Therefore, the study determines both the negative and positive impact of the music piracy in the creative industry. In addition to this, the application of the enforcing copyright laws is beneficial for eliminating piracy from the creative industry. References Aguiar, L. and Martens, B. 2013., Digital Music Consumption on the Internet: Evidence from Clickstream Data., Joint Research Center . pp.4-40 Cammaerts, B., Mansell, R. and Meng, B. 2013., Copyright Creation: A Case for Promoting Inclusive Online Sharing., The London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Media and Communications. pp. 3-18. Koh, B., Murthi, B.P.S. and Raghunathan, S., 2014. Shifting demand: online music piracy, physical music sales, and digital music sales.Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,24(4), pp.366-387. Ramirez, M 2011, Music and Poverty in Mexico, Berklee College of Music - Music Business Journal, viewed 16 February 2014 https://www.thembj.org/2011/05/music-in-mexico/. Siwek, S.E., 2007., The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy to the US Economy: Institute for Policy Innovation. pp. 4-32. Storrs, B. 2012, Piracy is stealing and affecting music industry, Brigham Young University, The Digital Universe, viewed 16 February 2014 https://universe.byu.edu/2012/02/21/piracy-is-stealing-and-affecting-music-industry/.